数控温室下红花槭的嫩枝扦插技术

红花槭为不易扦插成活的树种,其扦插对环境、插穗的木质化程度等条件要求较高。该研究利用温室自动化控制系统,通过温室环境信息与温室决策控制系统的嵌合,实现对空气湿度、温度、光照强度的控制,以提高红花槭的嫩枝扦插成活率。结果表明,红花槭的扦插深度以5 cm生根效果最好。8月下旬,红花槭插穗生根率最高,达82.3%,5月次之。生根效果以基质含水量为65%、80%的处理最高,扦插后期,应适当降低基质水分。红花槭嫩枝以100 mg/LABT1#或200 mg/LNAA浸泡6 h为最佳。试验结果可以直接指导红花槭温室规模化生产。     

不同水稻品种对硒的吸收转化试验

采用田间试验和仪器分析的方法,研究了不同水稻品种对天然富硒土壤硒的吸收效果,以及不同水稻品种在不同生育期通过外源硒的根施及叶面喷施处理后对硒的吸收转化效果。结果表明:不同的水稻品种对天然富硒土壤中硒的吸收转化存在较大的差异性;外源硒的增施可以普遍提高不同水稻品种硒的含量,有机硒含量均达85%以上;叶面喷施外源硒的效果比根施外源硒的效果更优,且用量小,适合缺硒地区和低硒区生产富硒大米。      

Modeling aerobic decomposition of rice straw during the off-rice season in an Andisol paddy soil in a cold temperate region of Japan: Effects of soil temperature and moisture

Submerged rice paddies are a major source of methane (CH₄) which is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO₂). Accelerating rice straw decomposition during the off-rice season could help to reduce CH₄ emission from rice paddies during the single rice-growth season in cold temperate regions. For understanding how both temperature and moisture can affect the rate of rice straw decomposition during the off-rice season in the cold temperate region of Tohoku district, Japan, a modeling incubation experiment was carried out in the laboratory. Bulk soil and soil mixed with 2% of δ¹³C-labeled rice straw with a full factorial combination of four temperature levels (?5 to 5, 5, 15, 25°C) and two moisture levels (60% and 100% WFPS) were incubated for 24 weeks. The daily change from ?5 to 5°C was used to model the freezing–thawing cycles occurring during the winter season. The rates of rice straw decomposition were calculated by (i) CO₂ production; (ii) change in the soil organic carbon (SOC) content; and (iii) change in the δ¹³C value of SOC. The results indicated that both temperature and moisture affected the rate of rice straw decomposition during the 24-week aerobic incubation period. Rates of rice straw decomposition increased not only with high temperature, but also with high moisture conditions. The rates of rice straw decomposition were more accurately calculated by CO₂ production compared to those calculated by the change in the SOC content, or in its δ¹³C value. Under high moisture at 100% WFPS condition, the rates of rice straw decomposition were 14.0, 22.2, 33.5 and 46.2% at ?5 to 5, 5, 15 and 25°C temperature treatments, respectively. While under low moisture at 60% WFPS condition, these rates were 12.7, 18.3, 31.2 and 38.4%, respectively. The Q₁₀ of rice straw decomposition was higher between ?5 to 5 and 5°C than that between 5 and 15°C and that between 15 and 25°C. Daily freezing–thawing cycles (from ?5 to 5°C) did not stimulate rice straw decomposition compared with low temperature at 5°C. This study implies that to reduce CH₄ emission from rice paddies during the single rice-growth season in the cold temperate regions, enhancing rice straw decomposition during the high temperature period is very important.     

城市生物多样性保护规划研究——以万年县城市生物多样性保护规划为例

简述万年县地理位置、生物多样性和城市绿化现状等基本概况,运用景观生态学的基本原理和方法,对万年县城市生物多样性保护规划进行探讨研究,提出规划目标和保护措施,以使生物多样性得到切实保护,初步建成稳定、协调的城市生态系统。     

嘧啶联吡唑甲酰胺类化合物的合成及除草活性

设计合成了一系列结构新颖的嘧啶联吡唑甲酰胺类化合物5a~5o,其结构均经过1H NM R和MS分析确证。初步生物活性测试结果表明:在有效成分150 g/hm2剂量下苗后茎叶喷雾处理时,化合物(R)-N-[1-(4-氯苯基)乙基]-3-二氟甲基-1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(5c)、N-[1-(4-氯苯基)乙基]-1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-N-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(5i)和N-[1-(4-氯苯基)乙基]-1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(5k)对繁缕Stellaria media的抑制率高达90%以上;而同样剂量下苗前土壤喷雾处理时,化合物N-[1-(4-氯苯基)乙基]-3-二氟甲基-1-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(5b)和5c对繁缕的抑制率达100%。该类结构化合物有望作为除草先导化合物进行开发。     

茶刺蛾核型多角体病毒多角体的增殖动态与生产工艺

为了解茶刺蛾核型多角体病毒(Iragoides fasciata nucleopolyhedrovirus IrfaNPV)的增殖特性、指导茶刺蛾病毒的生产,采用室内活体增殖法,测定了IrfaNPV多角体在茶刺蛾幼虫体内的增殖动态,并设计了工艺流程,进行了大量繁殖生产试验。结果显示,IrfaNPV多角体在虫体内的增殖动态符合Logistic曲线,饲毒后9~12d为病毒快速增殖期。按设计的生产工艺进行病毒大量繁殖生产,虫尸中病毒多角体平均可达8.3×108 PIB/头,茧中病毒多角体含量平均为6.4×108 PIB/头。该工艺可用于今后茶刺蛾病毒的大量生产。     

利用贴牌水培法快速鉴定稗草对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性水平

本文通过室内贴牌水培法及整株法,快速鉴定并验证了2013年采自湖南省不同地区稻田的50个稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性,试验结果表明:贴牌水培法所用的二氯喹啉酸甄别剂量为80mg/L;稗草死亡率越低,其抗性倍数(resistance factor,RF)越高,其中死亡率为0时,整株法测定的RF值高达896.07~1 209.38;贴牌水培法测定的稗草样本对二氯喹啉酸的ED50远低于整株法,但两种方法得到的不同稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗性水平趋势高度吻合。笔者认为以贴牌水培法测定的死亡率小于40%的稗草样本对二氯喹啉酸的抗性风险较高,值得深入研究。     

养殖水体溶氧平衡的实验分析及泛塘成因再探讨

在江汉平原荆州市分别在植物培养箱和自然条件下模拟高密度养殖水体,利用多参数水质监测仪,采用完全开放式对养殖水体溶氧、水温等要素的变化进行自动连续观测,结合养殖水域中溶解氧动态平衡方程分别计算出水-气界面溶氧速率、水呼吸耗氧速率、草鱼呼吸耗氧率及光合作用产氧量;并对低溶氧条件下草鱼生存时间等进行实验监测。结果显示：鱼塘水呼吸耗氧率1.22~1.83 mg/(L·h);在水体溶氧在1.5 mg/L以上时,草鱼的代谢呼吸耗氧率为78.6~210.0 mg/(L·h);在高密度养殖塘内水呼吸是鱼呼吸耗氧4倍以上。阴到多云天气下光合作用产氧量为3.47~4.33 mg/(L·h),大于鱼呼吸与水呼吸量之和,但阴雨天光合作用产氧量不能维持鱼塘良好的溶氧环境。草鱼在0.1~0.4 mg/L低溶氧环境中有浮头出现,但能存活长达到5天时间。分析还表明：缺氧引起浮头,也造成底层H₂S、CH₄有毒物质增加,雨水进入鱼池形成水上下层对流,水体上部有毒物质浓度升高是泛塘死鱼的主要原因。